Institute Of Ultrasound Training Faisalabad Pakistan

• SPLEENOMEGALLY  After visualize full spleen with all its lower corners make measured of the spleen longitude that is the length of the spleen and vertically that is width of the spleen the normally spleen index in adult less then 45 cm L / W . And children the spleen index less then 30 cm L / W . The spleen index in adults it more then forth five 45 cm it means spleen in large and spleenomegally is there similarly is the spleenomegaly in children more then 30 cm spleenomegally also present . Spleen Abscess • A rounded distended in visualization make on the spleen surface giving and an echoic image of puss is the       spleen abscess present on spleen (just like liver abscess) Spleen Cyst • A hydrated cyst present on the spleen surface is a spleen cyst ultra sono graphically we can see easily an echoic image with well defined rounded border an echoic shadow of the cyst indicates the present fluid in the cyst this is spleen cyst Spleen vein Thrombosis • On vi

KIDNEYS • The right kidney is best examined in the supine position three the liner angel the transducer (Probe Obliquely) Until we have the image of the right kidney a cornel and lateral approached can also be used if the liver is small bowel gases obscure .The visualization of lower pole it may be necessary to role the patient into the right side up position Lt.Kidney • Begin with the patient in the Lt,side up position with the patients Lt,arm extended over his or her head and using a cornel approach vary the Lt, side up and oblique position until you can see the kidney Size of Kidney The normal adult kidney as measured by ultra sound is between 8 to 13 cm in length and about 5 cm in width • Kidney have a convex later edge and a concave medial edge Pathology of Kidney  Small and stage kidney with and stage kidney diseased both kidneys are small 5 to 8 cm in length but renal sinus echo's are visible there is renal parenchyma is usually shrunken focal loss of par

GALL BLADDER • The Gall Bladder is situated on the inferior aspect of the liver, medial and interior to the kidney and lateral and interior to the I.V.C Its is a tear shape and varies in size .The Gall Bladder may contain a kink close to the neck it is divided to the fundus the body and the neck PREPRATION OF THE PATIENT • For the visualization of Gall Bladder in a patient it must be full distended. The Gall Bladder will only be fully distended when the patient is hungry. • The Gall Bladder is cystic cavities, which contain bile salt, oblique in nature and sono graphically anechoic. Therefore its pathology can only be rule out when it is in full distended but when it is not fully riled we are not able to see the inner side of the gall bladder and in this way we may missed all of its pathology even the stone PATHOLOGY OF THE GALL BLADDER (GALL STONE ) • Gall stones are seen with acute and chronic cholecystitis but may bee found in symptoms of patient as well ther

THE LIVER The liver is wedge shaped organ its is the largest gland in the body situated in the upper most part of abdominal cavity on the right side the diaphragm its largely protected by the ribs The is divided into two main lobes right and left the upper surface is convex and lies breath the diaphragm .The under surface is irregular and present the transverse fissure the surface being broken by the passage of the vessels which enter and leave the liver The longitudinal fissure separates the caudate and left lobe of the under surface and the calceiform ligaments occupies a similar position on the upper surface of the liver .The liver is further sub divided into Four lobes (right, left, caudate & quadrate) These are made up of lobules the lobules which are hexagonal in shave and 1 mm diameter in size are composed of cubical liver cell and the ramification of the vessels of the liver all connected by liver tissue the liver has a triple blood supply by means of the

PROBE Probe is a part of the ultra sound machine which     produces ultra sound waves The ultra sound wave which produce probe are emitted ZERCONIUM CRYSTAL LYING IN THE PROBE PROPERTIES OF THE ZIRCONIUM CRYSTAL When a zirconium crystal is electric fluid by electrocutes with the help of anode (+) and cathode (-) current it start vibrating producing ultra sound waves are around when another zirconium crystal frosty fluid by galvanometer (G) and put it in the field of the ultra Sound waves .It shows electric current in the Galliano meter by observing ultra sound waves this phenomena is called piezoelectric Phenomena and this is only zirconium crystal properties that, it can produce ultra sound waves when they are electric fluid and can produce electric current when they observed ultra sound waves in the absence of in the electric current. TYPES OFPROBE/TRANSDUCER • These are two types of probe • 1. LINEAR PROBE • 2. CONVEX PROBE 1.LINEAR PROBE In the linear p

ULTRASOUND TRAINING  PROGRAM FROM THE SCHOOL OF ULTRASOUND TRAINING.FAISALBAD.PAKISTAN Prof . Dr.Muhammad Habib ullah Anjum Member of Ultrasound Society of Pakistan Campus Principal THE SCHOOL OF ULTRASOUND TRAINING FAISALABAD  PAKISTAN MEMBER   The Diagnostic Research Institute Uk. PHD (HR)  Msc Applied Psychology  RDMS .Uk.   MD   Alternative and Complimentary Medicine Uk. +923227190328 & +923127709324  ..doctor_habib786@yahoo.com